The Diocese of Adilabad was originally part of the Diocese of Chanda until July 1999, when it was erected as a new diocese by Pope Saint John Paul II through the Papal Bull 'Ad Aptius Consulendum' dated 23 July 1999. On the same day, His Holiness also appointed Rev. Joseph Kunnath CMI as its first bishop through the Bull Quoniam Oportet. He was consecrated on 6 October 1999, the day on which the new diocese formally came into existence. After completing the canonical age of 75, Bishop Joseph Kunnath submitted his resignation.

On 6 August 2015, Rev. Prince Antony Panengadan was announced as the second Bishop of Adilabad. His episcopal consecration and installation took place on 29 October 2015 at St. Chavara Pastoral Centre, Thimmapur.

On 28 August 2025, Msgr. Joseph Thachaparambath CMI was announced as the third Bishop of Adilabad. His episcopal ordination and installation are scheduled for 25 October 2025.

At present Adilabad is a flourishing Diocese where a lot of missionary activities are being carried out by the concerted efforts of priests, nuns and laity. It is a pleasant news that, every year the number of Christians and the new Christian villages are increasing in the diocese. The diocese is having a limited number of priests and they are struggling to maintain the faith formation of the new converts. Since it is the beginning stage of the Church, the new converts need to be cared well so that they may grow in good faith. The diocese is in need of many more dedicated priests. The people are really open to the word of God and the missionaries are accepted here.